Lice are tiny flightless insects, also called a louse. They are only about 2-4 mm in size, so they are very small but still visible to the naked eye. Typically tan or brown, lice are often mistaken for small fleas, but they are a bit tougher to get rid of than fleas. 

Louse attach themselves to the hair, fur, or feathers of an animal. They have hooked claws that allow them to hook into the follicle of the fur or hair, making it very difficult to detach them.

There are a couple of types of dog lice. Both kinds of lice cause itchiness and discomfort that will increase if the lice are not treated. 

Chewing Louse

 

 

The first is called a chewing louse. Though there are two species of chewing lice for dogs, one is rarely seen outside of tropical regions, so it’s unlikely that we’ll see them often in Canada, but they may be found in warmer and more humid parts of the US. The species of dog lice are found worldwide, and the most likely type of lice in Canada is called Trichodectes canis.  

Chewing lice typically live on their host for up to 30 days by feeding on the host’s dead skin cells and skin secretions. They can feed and reproduce quickly in such a fertile environment. 

Sucking Louse

The second and slightly more intimidating type of lice is called the sucking louse. This louse feeds on the blood of the host. Sucking lice bite the skin, burrowing their pincher-like mouths into the skin. Their scientific name is Linognathus setosus. 

These little vampires damage the skin more quickly than chewing lice, so unchecked infestations can quickly cause larger issues. Fortunately, this type of louse is also very uncommon in Canada. They require a more tropical climate to thrive.